摘要:目前我国经济的处于涨潮期,机械工业作为经济发展的浪头也随之蓬勃发展。但是在
快速成长的同时,我们也在承受着高消耗和高污染。能源作为经济发展的基石,我们要认识
到能源不是取之不尽用之不竭的
。当前能源的短缺已经成为制约我国经济发展的致命瓶颈 。
2010 年我国资源产出率只有日本 1/7-1/5,2011 年我国 GDP 占世界的比重将近 10%,但能
源消耗量却占全球的
20%左右,主要工业产品单位产品能耗比国际先进水平多 10%-20%。
中国式的生产模式成就了经济的高速发展,但不可持续的发展方式却造成严重的环境污染
和生态破坏,为维持经济、社会的可持续发展,我们必须努力节约资源的消耗。在机械工程
中,材料的消耗非常巨大的。其作为经济发展的基石,同样也是资源消耗大户。本文就在在
机械工程中耗材使用情况的分析,提出材料节约的途径,并对节材的发展进行了展望。
关键词:机械工程;消耗;材料节约;思路方法
Abstract: at present, China's economy is in flood period, machinery industry as the economic
development of the waves began to flourish. But in the rapid growth at the same time, we are also
under the high consumption and high pollution. Energy as a cornerstone of economic
development, we must recognize that energy is not inexhaustible be inexhaustible. The current
energy shortage has become a deadly bottleneck restricting China's economic development. In
2010 China's resource output rate of only 1/7-1/52011 years in China GDP the proportion of the
world about nearly 10%, but energy consumption has accounted for 20% of the world, the main
industry unit product energy consumption than the international advanced level of 10%-20%.
China's mode of production made the rapid development of economy, but not sustainable
approach to development has caused serious environmental pollution and ecological destruction,
for the sustainable development of economy and society, we must work hard to save resource
consumption. In mechanical engineering, material consumption is very great. As a cornerstone of
economic development, is also the resource consumption. In this paper, in the mechanical
engineering material analysis of using the proposed approach, material saving, and the
development of the materials are discussed.
Keywords: mechanical engineering; consumption; saving materials; methods
中图分类号:
F416.44 文献标识码:A 文章编号:
我国经济的处于涨潮期,机械工业作为经济发展的浪头也随之蓬勃发展。在享受快速发
展的甜美果实的同时我们也付出了巨大的代价。我国
GDP 占全世界的将近 10%,而能源消
耗却占到了
20%。不光如此,我们的高投入和高消耗,还带来了高排放、低产出。这种不可持
续的发展模式造成了环境的污染,破坏了生态平衡。为此我们必须要节约资源消耗,
“亡羊
补牢,尤时未晚
”。因此机械工程要节约材料,为可持续发展之路铺好坚实的基础。约的途径,
并对节才的发展进行了展望。
一、机械工程中材料的消耗情况
(一)原材料占总成本过大。
据统计我国的机械工业,原材料费用占机械产品总成本的
60%。机械工程中钢材的消耗
量所占比重最大,机械系统企业每年消耗钢材
1000 万 t,占全国的 15%~20%。
(二)钢材利用率低,废品率高。
机械系统企业消耗材料中所占比重最大的是钢材。所以钢材的消耗量是衡量总消耗量的