Li
4
Ti
5
O
12
(钛酸锂)锂离子电池负极材料研究评述
摘要
:
锂作为电池材料的研究始于
1912 年,锂一次电池的研究始于 20 世纪
50 年代。但直到 1973 年 SAFT 研制出第一个一次锂电池才使得锂电池商业化。
锂一次电池是用金属锂作负极,锂盐的有机溶剂为电解液,
SO
2
,
MnO
2
,SOCl
2
等作为正极的电池体系。金属锂一次电池相对传统的电池具有工作电压高、比能
量大、重量轻等优点,因此在一些对能源要求较高的设备上得到广泛的应用。金
属锂二次电池出现于八十年代中期,以金属锂片做负极,但由于金属锂电极表
面电位分布不均匀,负极锂经过多次充放电后,锂表面容易形成多孔结构和锂
枝晶,有可能刺破绝缘隔膜从而引起电池内部短路,以致发生爆炸或起火,安
全性能较差。考虑到金属锂作为负极的安全性问题,人们开始寻找其它材料代替
金属锂作负极以降低电池的危险性。
关键词
:
锂离子电池 负极材料 尖晶石
Li
4
Ti
5
O
12
金属阳离子掺杂
Abstract:
Lithium battery materials research began in 1912, the lithium battery began in the
1950s. But it was not until 1973 SAFT developed a lithium battery that makes lithium battery
business. Lithium batteries with lithium metal anode, the lithium salt of the organic solvent
electrolyte, SO2 MnO2, of SOCl2 as the cathode of the battery system. The lithium primary
battery is relatively conventional battery has a high operating voltage, specific energy, light
weight and so, therefore been widely used in high energy requirements on the device. The lithium
secondary battery in the mid-1980s, the negative lithium tablets, but because of the uneven
distribution of the lithium electrode surface potential of the negative electrode of lithium after
several charge and discharge, the lithium surface is easy to form the porous structure and lithium
dendrite possible to pierce the insulation diaphragm, causing the battery internal short circuit, so