Typical Paper Machine Characteristics 

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Paper machine speed:  typically between 600 m/min and 1800 m/min

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Length: typically 150 m with 500 m paper inside: 15 secs to 30 secs in m/c

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Fibre concentration: 0.7% at headbox, ~ 92% at the reel (lots of water to remove!)

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Grades: 18 gm per sq. metre (tissue) to 45 gsm (newsprint) to 350 gsm (board)

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Quality variables: weight, moisture, caliper, porosity, opacity, formation, shade…

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Constraints: pump speeds, fibre concentrations, chemical addition rates, water 

and stock flowrates, vacuums, pressures, machine drive speeds, steam pressures....

Reducing Energy Consumption in Paper Making: ELCF Seminar, Wed 3 Feb 2010

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