php 英文文献翻译及参考文献
PHP is a scripting language originally designed for producing dynamic web pages. It has evolved
to include a command line interface capability and can be used in standalone graphical
applications.
While PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995, the main implementation of PHP is
now produced by The PHP Group and serves as the de facto standard for PHP as there is no
formal specification. PHP is free software released under the PHP License, however it is
incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL), due to restrictions on the usage of the
term PHP.
PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web
development and can be embedded into HTML. It generally runs on a web server, taking PHP
code as its input and creating web pages as output. It can be million websites and 1 million web
servers.
PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page. It began in 1994 as a set of Common Gateway
Interface binaries written in the C programming language by the Danish/Greenlandic programmer
Rasmus Lerdorf. Lerdorf initially created these Personal Home Page Tools to replace a small set
of Perl scripts he had been using to maintain his personal homepage. The tools were used to
perform tasks such as displaying his résumé and recording how much traffic his page was
receiving. He combined these binaries with his Form Interpreter to create PHP/FI, which had more
functionality. PHP/FI included a larger implementation for the C programming language and
could communicate with databases, enabling the building of simple, dynamic web applications.
Lerdorf released PHP publicly on June 8, 1995 to accelerate bug location and improve the
code.This release was named PHP version 2 and already had the basic functionality that PHP has
today. This included Perl-like variables, form handling, and the ability to embed HTML. The
syntax was similar to Perl but was more limited, simpler, and less consistent.
Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans, two Israeli developers at the Technion IIT, rewrote the parser in
1997 and formed the base of PHP 3, changing the language's name to the recursive initialism
PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. The development team officially released PHP/FI 2 in November
1997 after months of beta testing. Afterwards, public testing of PHP 3 began, and the official
launch came in June 1998. Suraski and Gutmans then started a new rewrite of PHP's core,
producing the Zend Engine in 1999. They also founded Zend Technologies in Ramat Gan, Israel.
On May 22, 2000, PHP 4, powered by the Zend Engine 1.0, was released. On July 13, 2004, PHP
5 was released, powered by the new Zend Engine II. PHP 5 included new features such as
improved support for object-oriented programming, the PHP Data Objects extension (which
defines a lightweight and consistent interface for accessing databases), and numerous performance
enhancements. The most recent update released by The PHP Group is for the older PHP version 4
code branch. As of August, 2008 this branch is up to version 4.4.9. PHP 4 is no longer under
development nor will any security updates be released.
In 2008, PHP 5 became the only stable version under development. Late static binding has been
missing from PHP and will be added in version 5.3. PHP 6 is under development alongside PHP
5. Major changes include the removal of register_globals, magic quotes, and safe mode. The
reason for the removals was because register_globals had given way to security holes, and magic
quotes had an unpredictable nature, and was best avoided. Instead, to escape characters, magic
quotes may be substituted with the addslashes() function, or more appropriately an escape