西安工程大学学报
第23卷
rate
exceeded
a
critical value。then thermal resistance descend gradually.Ruekman。9。investigated the effect of
ventilation
through
pit zip openings in the under-airln and/or the side
SealTlS
of
a
sports
jticket
during
an
exercise
routine and
subsequent
resting.From this research it
was
shown that the design of
openings,especially
the pit
zip with both sleeve
and
side sealTl opening,had
significant
effect
on
thermal regulation,limiting the rote of skin
temperature
increase.In other case,the application of
a
battery
powered
ventilation
system(BVS)for
heavy pro-
tective garments could increase body cooling by improving the evaporation of sweat,thereby
reducing
the physio-
logical strains for the wearer。1引.These research results suggest that the provision of ventilation openings
at印-
propdate
positions
in the clothing system could contribute considerably
to
heat loss and improve thermophysiologi—
cal comfort.
1.3
Alternative construction designs in protective dothing
system
When
the body moved,the
bones,muscles,joints and
skin reconfigured.,11le garment’s reaction to body
movement
was
to skip,wrinkle,stretch,or restrict the
wearer[圳.When
different garment construction designs
had different physical dimensions,each may be affected differently when the body position
changed.
Research results indicates that the
crotch
area
tends
to
have bad fit in protective overalls【211.Huck[22】de.
veloped
two
alternative
overall
designs
which
added
crotch
ease
in
different
garment
areas:(1)the
total crotch
ease
was
added
to
the back torso of the overall
only(C2);and(2)half
of the total crotch
ease
was
added
to
the
front torso of the overall and the other half
was
added
to
the back
torso(G3)(Fig.1).ne
results
of this study
indicated
a
construction
design
feature of G2 may be desirable
over
the traditional design of G3.since G2
was
less restrictive
to
movement for shoulder adduction.shoulder flexion
and
knee flexion
than
G3.MulletL引invesfi-
gated the effect of different sleeve
constructions,including:set—in
sleeve,kimono
sleeve,r艘Jan
sleeve,and ki-
mono sleeve with
gusset,on
different shoulder positions,using variables of garment slippage
away
from the wrist,
the
waist,and
the center back/waistline
positions(Fig.2).It
was
determined that the set-in sleeve consistently
exhibited the
greatest
amount of
slippage
and the kimono sleeve exhibited the
least.’11le
results
of
this study pro-
vided information that alternative clothing construction designs
may
affect
different
aspects
of
wearer
mobility.
MulletC2.】further examined the effects of sleeve construetion
on
the thermal insulation in various are堰ts of the tot-
so,arms
and
shoulde璐.Results showed that clo values in the forearms
and
stomach
8..I'eas,where
had the
s踮地
amount
of
ease
and
pattern shape regardless of
different
sleeve construction,did
not vary
significantly.However,
the shoulder and
upper锄areas,where
the three deeve construction were different,had
larser variations
in in-
sulation
values.The
research
pmjects described
here indicate that alternative
approaches
in
clothing
construction
design
may
not
only have
different
influence
on
bodily movements,but also provide
different thermalphysiological
responses・
1.4
Construction design
optimization
of protective clothing
system
To develop
a
protective clothing system,it is
necessary
to
identify
duri】ag
what tasks it would
be
used,in
what environments that would be,and how different
requirements
should
be
rated in terms of
priorities【引.D她
this should identify the main
requirements
for the
protective
clothing
to
which subsequently design characteristics
can
be
adapted.Ultimately,the
worker would
benefit
from reduced garment impediment,lowered physiological
costs and improved productivity.
●
Karlssono撕1
developed
a
new
clothing system for
professional
fishermen
according
to the model for user-off—
ented
product
development.Based
on
the
information
gathering from
a
survey of professional
fishermen,general
requirements
on
the traditional
clothing
system were
formulated.Modifications
of clothing
construction
design in-
eluded:collar
to
be closed,braces
to
be
widen
and adjustable,sleeves
to
be
cut
for providing larger
amount
of
ease,cuff hem
to
be
widen and
reinforced(Fig.3).Comparing
thermophysiological
responses and subjective
as-
sessments
of
subjects
wearing the
two clothing
systems,the
conclusions
were
that
the new clothing system saris-
fled the
users’requirements
to
a
higher degree than the traditional
outfit,resulted
in
a
great increase in
thermal
comfort,e419e of movement,and
protection
against wind,cold and
pollutants.Ilmarinen【驯investigated
that cold