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西安工程大学学报

第23卷

rate

exceeded

critical value。then thermal resistance descend gradually.Ruekman。9。investigated the effect of

ventilation

through

pit zip openings in the under-airln and/or the side

SealTlS

of

sports

jticket

during

an

exercise

routine and

subsequent

resting.From this research it

was

shown that the design of

openings,especially

the pit

zip with both sleeve

and

side sealTl opening,had

significant

effect

on

thermal regulation,limiting the rote of skin

temperature

increase.In other case,the application of

battery

powered

ventilation

system(BVS)for

heavy pro-

tective garments could increase body cooling by improving the evaporation of sweat,thereby

reducing

the physio-

logical strains for the wearer。1引.These research results suggest that the provision of ventilation openings

at印-

propdate

positions

in the clothing system could contribute considerably

to

heat loss and improve thermophysiologi—

cal comfort.

1.3

Alternative construction designs in protective dothing

system

When

the body moved,the

bones,muscles,joints and

skin reconfigured.,11le garment’s reaction to body

movement

was

to skip,wrinkle,stretch,or restrict the

wearer[圳.When

different garment construction designs

had different physical dimensions,each may be affected differently when the body position

changed.

Research results indicates that the

crotch

area

tends

to

have bad fit in protective overalls【211.Huck[22】de.

veloped

two

alternative

overall

designs

which

added

crotch

ease

in

different

garment

areas:(1)the

total crotch

ease

was

added

to

the back torso of the overall

only(C2);and(2)half

of the total crotch

ease

was

added

to

the

front torso of the overall and the other half

was

added

to

the back

torso(G3)(Fig.1).ne

results

of this study

indicated

construction

design

feature of G2 may be desirable

over

the traditional design of G3.since G2

was

less restrictive

to

movement for shoulder adduction.shoulder flexion

and

knee flexion

than

G3.MulletL引invesfi-

gated the effect of different sleeve

constructions,including:set—in

sleeve,kimono

sleeve,r艘Jan

sleeve,and ki-

mono sleeve with

gusset,on

different shoulder positions,using variables of garment slippage

away

from the wrist,

the

waist,and

the center back/waistline

positions(Fig.2).It

was

determined that the set-in sleeve consistently

exhibited the

greatest

amount of

slippage

and the kimono sleeve exhibited the

least.’11le

results

of

this study pro-

vided information that alternative clothing construction designs

may

affect

different

aspects

of

wearer

mobility.

MulletC2.】further examined the effects of sleeve construetion

on

the thermal insulation in various are堰ts of the tot-

so,arms

and

shoulde璐.Results showed that clo values in the forearms

and

stomach

8..I'eas,where

had the

s踮地

amount

of

ease

and

pattern shape regardless of

different

sleeve construction,did

not vary

significantly.However,

the shoulder and

upper锄areas,where

the three deeve construction were different,had

larser variations

in in-

sulation

values.The

research

pmjects described

here indicate that alternative

approaches

in

clothing

construction

design

may

not

only have

different

influence

on

bodily movements,but also provide

different thermalphysiological

responses・

1.4

Construction design

optimization

of protective clothing

system

To develop

protective clothing system,it is

necessary

to

identify

duri】ag

what tasks it would

be

used,in

what environments that would be,and how different

requirements

should

be

rated in terms of

priorities【引.D她

this should identify the main

requirements

for the

protective

clothing

to

which subsequently design characteristics

can

be

adapted.Ultimately,the

worker would

benefit

from reduced garment impediment,lowered physiological

costs and improved productivity.

Karlssono撕1

developed

new

clothing system for

professional

fishermen

according

to the model for user-off—

ented

product

development.Based

on

the

information

gathering from

survey of professional

fishermen,general

requirements

on

the traditional

clothing

system were

formulated.Modifications

of clothing

construction

design in-

eluded:collar

to

be closed,braces

to

be

widen

and adjustable,sleeves

to

be

cut

for providing larger

amount

of

ease,cuff hem

to

be

widen and

reinforced(Fig.3).Comparing

thermophysiological

responses and subjective

as-

sessments

of

subjects

wearing the

two clothing

systems,the

conclusions

were

that

the new clothing system saris-

fled the

users’requirements

to

higher degree than the traditional

outfit,resulted

in

great increase in

thermal

comfort,e419e of movement,and

protection

against wind,cold and

pollutants.Ilmarinen【驯investigated

that cold